Whether I’m training someone as a Personal Trainer or as a Pilates Instructor, the bulk of my work focuses on my client’s core.  As the fulcrum to the body’s levers – arms and legs – the core should be strong to protect and move the spine and to give power to the lever’s movements.  Plus, a well-tended core grows a great six-pack garden.

The core, powerhouse, center, whatever you call it personally, makes up the body from the lower ribcage down past the pelvic floor through to where the hamstrings and glutes intersect.  Included in the core are the four layers of abdominals that most people focus on during core training in an effort to lose the low abdominal area pooch and the “muffin top” that caps it off on the sides.

The 4 Abdominal Layers

Rectus aka The Six-Pack: The most superficial abdominals creates the six-pack is atually called the Rectus.  While it is responsible for aesthetically pleasing onlookers, it’s primary job is to flex the spine.

External Obliques: The External Obliques run diagonally down, imagine running your hands down your side like you were putting your hands in your pockets.  The obliques are about a hands-width in size.

Internal Obliques: The Internal Obliques run upwards, making an upside down V up towards your ribs.  Both the internal and external obliques are repsonsible for sidebending and rotation of the spine. When you do the Twist or reach down while standing to scratch the sides of your legs, you can thank your obliques for their help.

The most famous of all, the Transverses, is the deepest layer and protects the spine.  It acts like a corset when strong and active to protect the lumbar spine (low back).  It’s also the bane of your existence if you’re trying to “get rid of my pooch”.  Strengthen this muscle up and you’ll feel flat abs.  Sit ups won’t hit this guy – they only target the Rectus.  That’s why you can do 5,000 crunches and still have a pooch.

Hit these four layers and you are on your way to Core Training.  Don’t forget the back and the glutes!  They should be invited to every Core Training party!  Next time we’ll talk about targeting each layer of the Core.

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Kerrie Ann Frey is the founder and owner of Fit Mom USA, a former stroller exercise-based program that has evolved in to an online presence with fitness, wellness, and nutrition information for all men and women. Her passion for fitness began with credentials including A.C.E. PT and LWMC and grew to include her true love – Pilates. She is West Coast Pilates certified and trains clients in several studios in the New Orleans area.